ECONOMIC PROBLEMS OF THE NATURE MANAGEMENT УДК 303.832; 316.334.5; 330.15; 336.025; 336.226. JEL: Н41, Н71, Q21, Q32 1Institute of Environmental Economics and Sustainable Development of the NAS of Ukraine, Research ID : http://www.researcherid.com/rid/https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=36661489700 A CONCEPTUAL MODEL OF PAYMENTS FOR ECOSYSTEM BENEFITS: A SCIENTIFIC SEARCH FOR NEW TOOLS OF ENVIRONMENTAL COMPENSATION IN THE POST-WAR PERIOD For the first time, the concept of payments for ecosystem benefits is represented as a general scientific model that reflects the process of economic formatting into monetary equivalents the value of products (goods, resources) and services generated by ecosystem assets, forming their income contribution to human well-being. In particular, the theoretical and methodological foundations underlying the formation of the concept of payments for ecosystem benefits are elucidated point-by-point; the substantive content of these payments is revealed proving them to be an integrated structural and functional complex of the novel monetary instruments of ecological compensation mechanism, currently formed in foreign practices of financing nature restoration measures. It is shown that the main tools (elements) of payments for ecosystem benefits are: direct payments (payouts) for the provision, consumption, use of ecosystem functions, products (goods, resources) and services generated by ecosystems; payments for priority provision (substitution) of certain types of ecosystem benefits; subsidies for maintaining the productive condition of ecosystems by their owners ("sellers"), including through specially created accumulative financial funds; preferential taxation of nature protection and nature restoration measures by owners ("sellers") of goods generated by territorial ecosystems that belong to them; compensation payments to compensate for damages from the deterioration of condition, quality and production of ecosystem benefits by ecosystems. An example of the implementation of PES/REDD-type payments for provision of climate regulation ecosystem services within the framework of a pilot project in the United States of Mexico convincingly demonstrates that by this precise means –– through the introduction of these environmental compensation mechanism tools –– the settlement of conflicts of interests between different groups of stakeholders regarding the supply, consumption and use of ecosystem benefits is achieved, which contributes to the further orientation of their interests toward preventing the loss of ecosystem services and quality of environment. The ecological and economic significance of creating the conceptual model of payments for ecosystem benefits is shown; the urgency of devising and initiating organizational measures of the highest managerial level for the introduction of this ecological compensation mechanism toolkit into Ukrainian institutional and regulatory base for nature management in the post-war period is proven. Keywords:conceptual model; ecosystem benefits; stakeholders; beneficiaries; payments for ecosystem services; monetary instruments of environmental regulation; mechanism of environmental compensation; financial provision for nature restoration measures; post-war period.
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